The aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system offers a promising solution for reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by utilizing geothermal heat as a renewable energy source. This system stores heat in underground aquifers, using groundwater as a medium. Depending on the season, the stored heat is extracted to efficiently heat or cool buildings.

While the use of ATES is expanding in Europe, its broader adoption is anticipated in Japan. However, maintaining system reliability requires regular inspections, a need underscored by recent findings from a research team at Osaka Metropolitan University’s Urban Resilience Research Center, led by Specially Appointed Professor Harue Masuda.

The team investigated an ATES well at a facility in Osaka where clogging occurred due to iron oxyhydroxide precipitation. This issue arose after a vent was inadvertently left open, allowing air to enter the geothermal wells through plumbing pipes. The resulting oxygen-rich environment caused iron oxyhydroxide to accumulate, leading to clogged pipes, leaks, and the mixing of groundwater between aquifers at different depths.

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Remarkably, natural microbial activity eventually resolved the clog and restored groundwater quality. This incident highlighted the importance of evaluating water quality before system operation and conducting ongoing monitoring to ensure long-term ATES reliability.

Professor Masuda emphasized the significance of these findings: "Our research demonstrates that geochemical analysis of groundwater, previously overlooked in engineering, is crucial for the stable and widespread use of ATES systems."

The research proposes water quality monitoring as a guideline for the sustainable implementation of ATES technology, ensuring its viability as a long-term energy solution.

These findings are detailed in the journal Geothermics.