Solar power is the fastest growing energy sector worldwide, with solar photovoltaic power plants transforming sunlight into electricity. These plants are key to achieving the NetZero Emissions by 2050 initiative, which aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2050.

Wind plays a dual role in the performance of solar power grids. On the positive side, it helps keep solar panels clean by removing dirt and dust and aids in cooling the panels, which improves their efficiency. However, high winds can damage the delicate panels, sometimes leading to structural failures that take weeks to repair. As the use of solar energy has expanded, insurance claims due to wind damage have significantly increased.

A team of researchers at the Centre for Material Forming at PLS University in Sophia Antipolis, France, proposed an innovative solution to protect solar panels from extreme weather conditions in a recent study published in Physics of Fluids by AIP Publishing.

Elie Hachem, one of the authors, explained, "By combining advanced fluid dynamics with artificial intelligence, we saw an opportunity to address the risks of wind damage in a new way and contribute to the resilience of renewable energy systems."

Historically, research has focused on factors such as row spacing, ground clearance, and tilt angles to reduce wind damage. Some systems use tracking mounts that rotate the panels to face the sun, and when wind speeds reach a certain threshold, the panels are placed in a stowed position parallel to the ground. While this method offers some protection, it reduces energy output and does not provide adequate protection in higher wind speeds.

The new framework proposed by the team uses advanced wind simulations alongside machine learning to optimize the angle of each individual panel in response to strong winds. Unlike previous methods, this approach treats each panel as an independent decision-maker, generating creative, data-driven solutions to minimize stress and outperform existing protective measures.

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"It's like teaching the panels to dance with the wind, minimizing damage while maintaining energy production during high wind speeds," Hachem added.

This innovative decision-making framework challenges traditional engineering practices and offers a scalable solution for improving the resilience of solar panels. It also opens the door for smarter, adaptive systems that can enhance the challenge of producing energy with net-zero carbon emissions.