A research team has devised a method to enhance the durability of lithium-rich layered oxide (LLO) material, a next-generation cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This breakthrough, which significantly extends battery life, was published in Energy & Environmental Science.

Lithium-ion batteries are essential for technologies like electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS). LLO material provides up to 20% higher energy density than traditional nickel-based cathodes by reducing nickel and cobalt content while increasing lithium and manganese. As a more cost-effective and sustainable alternative, LLO has garnered attention, but challenges such as capacity fading and voltage decay during charge-discharge cycles have hindered its commercial potential.

Previous studies have shown that structural changes in the cathode during cycling contribute to these issues, but the underlying causes have remained unclear. Moreover, existing strategies to improve LLO’s structural stability have failed to address the root problem, impeding its commercialization.

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The POSTECH team concentrated on the role of oxygen release in destabilizing the LLO structure during charge-discharge cycles. They hypothesized that improving the chemical stability of the interface between the cathode and electrolyte could prevent oxygen from being released. By enhancing the electrolyte composition, they successfully reinforced the cathode-electrolyte interface, leading to a significant reduction in oxygen emissions.

The improved electrolyte maintained a remarkable energy retention rate of 84.3% after 700 charge-discharge cycles, a notable improvement compared to conventional electrolytes, which only retained an average of 37.1% energy after 300 cycles.

The team’s research also found that structural changes at the surface of the LLO material played a crucial role in the material’s overall stability. By addressing these changes, they were able to significantly enhance the lifespan and performance of the cathode while minimizing unwanted reactions such as electrolyte decomposition.

Professor Jihyun Hong explained, "Using synchrotron radiation, we were able to analyze the chemical and structural differences between the surface and interior of the cathode particles. This revealed that the stability of the cathode surface is crucial for the overall structural integrity of the material and its performance. We believe this research will provide new directions for developing next-generation cathode materials."