Cetaceans, including dolphins, porpoises, and whales, play a vital role in coastal ecosystems. They contribute to carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, prey control, and serve as bioindicators of ocean health.

In the waters surrounding Indonesia, over 30 species of cetaceans are found, with three—Bryde's whales, Australian humpback dolphins, and Pacific bottlenose dolphins—regularly present in Kaimana, West Papua. This region was designated as an Important Marine Mammal Area (IMMA) in 2018, but detailed data on local cetacean populations had been lacking.

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A recent study by a team of independent researchers, alongside conservationists and scientists from Indonesia and New Zealand, has surveyed the cetacean populations in Kaimana. Their research uncovered five cetacean species, including information about their populations and feeding behaviors.

The Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force, in partnership with the IUCN and other organizations, has set criteria for IMMAs, which include considerations like species vulnerability, resident populations, and key life cycle activities. The Kaimana IMMA was initially recognized for its importance as a feeding area for vulnerable Australian humpback dolphins, near-threatened Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, and least-concern Bryde's whales. It is also home to vulnerable dugongs, though their specific use of the area remains unclear.

Previous surveys in 2015 recorded 64 pods of Australian humpback dolphins and 40 pods of bottlenose dolphins in Kaimana. However, the latest survey, conducted between May 2021 and March 2023, included observations of cetaceans around coastal fisheries. During 111 survey days, the researchers documented five cetacean species:

• Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni, Least Concern, 48 individuals)
• Killer whale (Orcinus orca, Data Deficient, 1 individual)
• Australian humpback dolphin (Sousa sahulensis, Vulnerable, 441 individuals)
• Spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris, Least Concern, 478 individuals)
• Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus, Near Threatened, 2,612 individuals)

The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins made up 72.96% of all sightings. Notably, feeding behaviors were observed more frequently in this species compared to others, with spinner dolphins mostly exhibiting non-feeding behaviors. Other species did not show significant trends in behavior.

The surveys also coincided with whale shark monitoring, revealing that dolphins and whale sharks often fed together on anchovies attracted to the lift-net fisheries before the catch was pulled in.