Introduction Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the atomic or molecular scale, has made significant strides across various fields, including medicine, electronics, and agriculture. In plant protection, nanotechnology is emerging as a transformative tool for improving crop resilience, enhancing pest control, and reducing the use of harmful chemicals. With its unique properties, such...

Microalgae are a diverse group of microscopic organisms that can perform photosynthesis and are found in both freshwater and marine environments. They play a crucial role in ecological balance, nutrient cycling, and carbon fixation. Additionally, due to their high lipid content, bioactive compounds, and potential for large-scale cultivation, microalgae are gaining significant interest for...