In the past few decades, both pharmaceutical companies and academia have spent much financial resources and energy to improve the practicability and accuracy of in vitro screening technology that can test the biological activity and physicochemical properties of compounds. However, the study of potential drug candidates in animal models remains disposable. FDA, NMPA, and other regulatory...

The hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is erosive arthritis, an autoimmune disease that ultimately results in joint deformities and functional loss. It can also be complicated by pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, malignant tumors, and depression. The etiology of RA remains unclear. However, infections have been suggested as environmental triggers in as many as 20% of patients. Due...